(3) The objects have a more familiar view, comparable to viewing from the top of a high hill or tall building. (2) The ground area covered is a trapezoid, although the photo is square or rectangular. A low oblique has the following characteristics: It is used to study an area before an attack, to substitute for a reconnaissance, to substitute for a map, or to supplement a map. This is a photograph taken with the camera inclined about 30° from the vertical ( Figure 8-3, and Figure 8-4). Relationship of the vertical aerial photograph with the ground.Ī. (5) Distance and directions may approach the accuracy of maps if taken over flat terrain.įigure 8-1. (4) Being a view from above, it gives an unfamiliar view of the ground. (3) The shape of the ground area covered on a single vertical photo closely approximates a square or rectangle. (1) The lens axis is perpendicular to the surface of the earth. A vertical photograph has the following characteristics: The result is coincident with the camera axis. Allowable tolerance is usually + 3° from the perpendicular (plumb) line to the camera axis. A vertical photograph is taken with the camera pointed as straight down as possible ( Figures 8-1 and 8-2). Each type depends upon the attitude of the camera with respect to the earth’s surface when the photograph is taken.Ī. TYPESĪerial photography most commonly used by military personnel may be divided into two major types, the vertical and the oblique. (6) It requires more training to interpret than a map. (4) Because of a lack of contrasting colors and tone, a photograph is difficult to use in poor light. (3) Detailed variations in the terrain features are not readily apparent without overlapping photography and a stereoscopic viewing instrument. (2) Position location and scale are only approximate. (1) Ground features are difficult to identify or interpret without symbols and are often obscured by other ground detail as, for example, buildings in wooded areas. The aerial photograph has the following disadvantages as compared to a map: (6) It provides a permanent and objective record of the day-to-day changes with the area.ī. (5) It can provide a day-to-day comparison of selected areas, permitting evaluations to be made of enemy activity. (4) It shows military features that do not appear on maps. (3) It may be made for places that are inaccessible to ground soldiers. The photograph may be in the hands of the user within a few hours after it is taken a map may take months to prepare. (1) It provides a current pictorial view of the ground that no map can equal. An aerial photograph has the following advantages over a map: More information can be gained by using the two together than by using either alone.Ī. For this reason, maps and aerial photographs complement each other. A recent aerial photograph shows any changes that have taken place since the map was made. COMPARISON WITH MAPSĪ topographic map may be obsolete because it was compiled many years ago. The aerial photograph has many uses in military operations however, for the purpose of this manual, it will be considered primarily as a map supplement or map substitute. An aerial photograph is any photograph taken from an airborne vehicle (aircraft, drones, balloons, satellites, and so forth).
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